1. A new car is easier to learn than a new program. This is because the
   new car is designed primarily with the user or customer in mind, unlike
   a program that is designed for people with some expertise.
 
2. The conversion rate of a website is the percentage of visitors who take
   action on the site. For an e-commerce site, conversion rate would mean
   the percentage of customers who actually purchase a product or service. For example, 5000 
   people may visit an e-commerce site that sells books. Only a thousand may actually buy
   books, which is 20% of total visitors. Twenty percent is the conversion rate of this 
   rate of the website.

   On a college admissions website, taking action would mean filling out an admission 
   application or filling a request-for-information form.

   For students who post their resumes on a web site for employment purposes, taking
   action will mean employers actually contacting the student to request more information
   or inviting student for an interview.

3. User-centered development benefits users in many areas including: 
     a. Time saving. A website user visits a site for a reason, it could be purchase an     
        item, get information, apply for a job, etc. The more user friendly the site is  
        the less time is spent navigating it.

     b. Successful navigation. A user-centered website delivers. A user can more   
        easily get the information he or she is seeking because the site is easy to   
        navigate. Links are comprehensible. 

4. User-centered development also benefits developers in many ways including:
     a. Time.  A user centered website will require fewer revisions and corrections  
        resulting from customers inability to use it. This saves the developers  
        time.  
     b. Lower customer support costs: Less number of customer support calls will
        come to the support staff, thus allowing more manpower to concentrate on  
        new projects than servicing the old.  

     c. It greatly improves the conversion rate of a site. And that means good business 
        for the developer.

5. The six goals of HCI are:
     a. Safety: This includes safety of data and safety of users. This deals with the  
        security of the information on a website, the ease of use of a user interface   
        that ensures the safety of the users, in the hospital for example. 
              
     b. Utility: Utility include the services a system provides. HCL seeks to improve 
        the ability of users to take advantage of the utilities of a system.

     c. Effectiveness: HCL also strives to improve the effectiveness of computer  
        systems interface. This means the ability of a user to accomplish or successful  
        use a system to achieve desired goals. 

     d. Efficiency: This is a measure of how quickly and accurately a user can 
                  accomplish his or her goals for using the system.  

     e. Usability:  This is a measure of how easily a user can learn and use a 
        system. An easy to use system does not frustrate users.

     f. Appeal: This measures how well users like the system. Is the system 
        Intimidating, or attractive and simple? Does it have some aesthetic value?
     
6. It is not possible for an interactive system to be efficient without being effective. 
   However, it is possible for a system to be effective because although users are 
   able to achieve desired goals using the system, they might do so at a very slow 
   and tedious rate.

7.   a. Air-traffic control - safety
     b. Ticket-booking software for travel agents - efficiency
     c. Reservation software for airline agents at the luggage check-in counter - 
        Efficiency.
     d. Flight simulators to train airline pilots - effectiveness
     e. An adaptation of a flight simulator as a video game for home use. - appeal

           
8. The Ford Model T was a very simple but sturdy car. A lot has happened since   
   then to change the way cars are built. 

      a) In terms of safety, present day cars are much safer than the Model T. We now  
         have airbags in cars, and many other safety features like ABS.
      b) It is easier to learn to drive today's cars than the Model T then. The Model T 
         used a crank shaft design, so you had to physically crank it to a start. We now 
         just turn the ignition. We now power steering that the Model T didn't have.
      c) A lot has been put into present day cars to make them more appealing to  
         customers than the Model T. Body designs, electronics, speed, fuel  
         consumption, etc.


9. Take for an example a customer ordering parts for hospital equipment. He has twenty parts to order for various machines. He has eight merchants to contact and order these parts. A well designed, and efficient site will require less time to order and pay for parts than an inefficient site. By saving time on each site, the customer can have his twenty orders placed in no time at all, thus improving productivity.  
   A number of ways that designers can make a second purchase faster than the first include:
      a) Having customer create a personal account on the site. Such an account will hold shipping address, payment options, and other information that are needed every time you shop.
      b) Saving navigation history of each customer. 

10.   a) Safety:  Amazon.com requires a user name and password to enter your    
         account, this protecting your personal information. Your online payment is
         via a secured mode thus protecting your credit card information. 

      b) Efficiency:  Customers are required to create personal accounts to be able to pay for your goods, shipping information is saved for customers, method of payment is also saved including credit cards used and shopping history. All these make shopping fast and effective.

      c) Usability:  One way that Amazon.com has provided for usability is showing most links you will need to make a purchase on the same page.
         They also limited the use of drop-down menus, which can be very frustrating to use.

      d) Appeal: The site is quite simple in appearance when you open to it. It is not intimidating. Also it is a very straight-to-the-point site. You do not have to wonder what the site is about when you get to it.